Committee on Health Insurance Status and Its Consequences

Larry Lewin, MBA (Chair)

Executive Consultant

Lawrence S. Lewin, M.B.A., founded the Lewin Group in 1970 and remained its president and CEO until 1999. He has directed a wide range of projects in health policy and finance, public health, academic medicine, public and private health insurance, technology and market assessment of medical devices and pharmaceutical products, strategic  visioning and planning, and health systems management and governance. He has conducted nearly 100 workshops and strategic planning conferences for a wide variety of health care executives and organizations. He left the Lewin Group in December 1999 and currently, as an executive consultant, is assisting senior health care executives, foundations, and organizations in strategic decision making, program improvement, and executive coaching. He was elected to the IOM in 1984, served eight years as an elected member of the IOM Council, and in 2004 was awarded the IOM’s Adam Yarmolinsky Medal for Distinguished Service. He has served on several IOM Committees. He was a founding member of the Association for Health Services Research (now Academy Health) and is currently a member of the National Commission on Prevention Priorities. Mr. Lewin holds an A.B. from Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business School, where he was a Baker Scholar. Mr. Lewin served as an officer in the U.S. Marine Corps.

John Ayanian, MD, MPP

Professor of Medicine and Health Care Policy

Harvard Medical School

John Z. Ayanian, M.D. M.P.P., is a professor of medicine and health care policy at Harvard Medical School and professor of health policy and management at the Harvard School of Public Health. He is the director of the General Internal Medicine Fellowship and medical director of the Center for Surgery and Public Health at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. He is also a practicing general internist in the Division of General Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, where he sees patients and teaches medical residents. Dr. Ayanian’s research focuses on the effect of patients’ race, ethnicity, gender, insurance coverage, and socioeconomic characteristics on access to care and clinical outcomes, as well as the impact of physicians’ specialty and organizational characteristics on the quality of care. He is the principal investigator of the Harvard/Northern California research team in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium. In Dr. Ayanian’s recent research, he has studied trends in quality of care and racial disparities in Medicare managed care plans, the effect of Medicare coverage on previously uninsured adults, the impact of ambulatory care from primary care physicians and cardiologists on the outcomes of Medicare beneficiaries who have survived a heart attack, and the quality of cancer care by race, ethnicity, and language. Dr. Ayanian received his BA degree summa cum laude from Duke University, his MD degree from Harvard Medical School, and his MPP degree from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, with a concentration in health policy. Dr. Ayanian was a member of the IOM Committee on Cancer Survivorship and the Committee on the Consequences of Uninsurance. He has received numerous awards for his research.

Katherine Baicker, Ph.D.

Professor of Health Economics

Harvard University School of Public Health, Health Policy and Management

Katherine Baicker, Ph.D., is Professor of Health Economics in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Harvard School of Public Health.  She received her BA in economics from Yale in 1993 and her PhD in economics from Harvard in 1998.  She is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research.  She has served on the faculty of the Economics Department at Dartmouth College, the Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences and the Department of Community and Family Medicine at Dartmouth Medical School, and in the School of Public Affairs at the University of California, Los Angeles. From 2005-2007, Professor Baicker served as a Senate-confirmed Member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers. Dr. Baicker's research interests include health economics, welfare, and public finance, with a particular focus on the financing of health insurance, spending on public programs, and fiscal federalism.  Her research has been published in journals such as the American Economic Review, Health Affairs, the Journal of Public Economics, and the Quarterly Journal of Economics, and has been featured in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, Business Week, and on National Public Radio.

Jack Ebeler, MPA

Consultant

Jack Ebeler, M.P.A., is a consultant in health care policy, focusing on federal policy and the changing health care marketplace. Previously, he served as president and CEO of the Alliance of Community Health Plans. Prior to that, Mr. Ebeler was senior vice president and director of the health care group at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, where he focused on the uninsured, health care quality, and chronic care issues. Mr. Ebeler served as deputy assistant secretary for planning and evaluation for health and as acting assistant secretary for planning and evaluation at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Over the years, he has also held positions in the health care industry and on Capitol Hill. Mr. Ebeler serves as a commissioner on the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC); the health care services board of the Institute of Medicine; the board of trustees of Inova Health System in Virginia, where he chairs the board of health care services; and the board of directors of Families USA.  Mr. Ebeler holds an MPA from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and his undergraduate degree is from Dickinson College. Mr. Ebeler chaired the IOM Committee on the Review of the Adoption and Implementation of Health IT Standards by the DHHS Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. He was a member of the IOM Subcommittee on Strategies and Models for Providing Health Insurance, as well as other IOM committees and planning groups.

Christine Ferguson, JD

Associate Research Professor

George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services

Christine Ferguson, JD, is an associate research professor at the George Washington School of Public Health and Health Services. Ferguson has been engaged in the development of an educational program in state health policy and concentrates her research on health reform, health services for vulnerable populations, overweight and obesity, and health systems reform. From 1981 to 1995, Ferguson served as counsel and deputy chief of staff to the late U.S. Senator John H. Chafee (R-RI). In this role, Ferguson served as lead staff negotiator for the Mainstream Senators in their 1993-1994 attempt to develop a bipartisan health reform proposal. Ferguson served as secretary of the Rhode Island Department of Human Services from 1995 to 2001, under Governor Lincoln Almonds's two-term administration. As commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health under Governor Mitt Romney from 2003 to 2005, Ferguson led the Administration's efforts in the areas of emergency preparedness, substance abuse services, medical errors reduction, and early childhood education and child care. Most recently, Ferguson served as president of First Focus, a special initiative funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Atlantic Philanthropies. A graduate of the University of Michigan and the Washington College of Law at American University, Ferguson is a member of the Board on Children, Youth and Families of the National Academy of Sciences and has served in a leadership capacity at the National Academy for State Health Policy and other organizations.

Robert S. Galvin, MD, MBA

Director, Global Health

General Electric 

Robert Galvin, MD, MBA, is the director of Global Health Care for General Electric (GE). He is in charge of the design and performance of GE’s health programs, totaling over $3 billion annually, and oversees the 1 million patient encounters that take place in GE’s 220 medical clinics in more than 20 countries. Drawing on his clinical expertise and training in Six Sigma, Dr. Galvin has been an advocate and leader in extending the benefits of this methodology to healthcare. Dr. Galvin has focused on issues of market-based health policy and financing, with a special interest in quality improvement, payment reform, and the assessment of medical innovations. He was recently appointed to the National Advisory Council for Healthcare Research and Quality which provides advice and recommendations to the Director, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and to the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services, on priorities for a national health services research agenda. He is also on the board of the National Committee for Quality Assurance and was a member of the Task Force on the Future of Military Health Care. He is a cofounder of the Leapfrog Group and is the founder of Bridges to Excellence, one of the first pay-for-performance initiatives. Dr. Galvin is widely published on issues affecting the purchaser side of health care, and is professor adjunct of medicine and health policy  at Yale University, where he directs the seminar series on the private sector for the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars fellowship. He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians. Dr. Galvin has served on numerous IOM committees.

Paul Ginsburg, PhD

President

Center for Studying Health System Change

Paul Ginsburg is President of the Center for Studying Health System Change (HSC).  Founded in 1995 by Dr. Ginsburg, HSC conducts research to inform policymakers and other audiences about changes in organization of financing and delivery of care and their effects on people.  HSC is widely known for the objectivity and technical quality of its research and its success in communicating it to policy makers and the media as well as to the research community.   Ginsburg is particularly known for his understanding of health care markets and health care costs.  In 2007, for the fifth time, Dr. Ginsburg was named by Modern Healthcare as one of the 100 most powerful persons in health care. Dr. Ginsburg served as the founding Executive Director of the predecessor to the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission).  Widely regarded as highly influential, the Commission developed the Medicare physician payment reform proposal that was enacted by the Congress in 1989.  Dr. Ginsburg was a Senior Economist at RAND and served as Deputy Assistant Director at the Congressional Budget Office. Before that, he served on the faculties of Duke and Michigan State Universities.  He earned his doctorate in economics from Harvard University.

Leon L. Haley, Jr. MD, MHSA

Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine

Emory University School of Medicine

Leon L. Haley Jr., MD, MHSA, is the Deputy Chief of Staff and Deputy Senior Vice-President of Medical Affairs for the Grady Health System in Atlanta. Dr. Haley is also the Chief of Service, Emergency Medicine for the Grady Health System, Medical Director of the Emergency Care Center at Grady Memorial Hospital and Vice-Chairman, Clinical Affairs, Grady Health System and Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine at Emory University and The Emory Clinic. He has won several honors and awards including the Atlanta Business Chronicle’s Healthcare Heroes for 2005 and the “Up and Comers Award” in 2004, Who’s Who in Black Atlanta 2007, Georgia Trend Magazine’s “40 Leaders Under 40” in 2002, and others. He completed his residency, including a year as Chief Resident, in Emergency Medicine at the Henry Ford Health System in Detroit, MI. Prior to his position at Grady and Emory, Dr. Haley was a Senior Staff Physician at the Henry Ford Health System and a member of the Henry Ford Medical Group. Dr. Haley is Board-Certified in Emergency Medicine and a Fellow of the American College of Emergency Physicians. Dr. Haley received his B.A. from Brown University, his M.D. from the University of Pittsburgh and his MHSA from the University of Michigan.

Catherine McLaughlin, Ph.D.

Professor, Health Management and Policy

University of Michigan

Catherine McLaughlin, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Health Management and Policy and the Director of the Economic Research Initiative on the Uninsured (ERIU) at the University of Michigan. ERIU, an initiative funded by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The institute conducts and disseminates research aimed at increasing our understanding of the interaction between health and labor market dynamics and the uninsured. Dr. McLaughlin is also the Vice-Chair of the Citizens’ Health Care Working Group and a Senior Associate Editor of Health Services Research. Her current research interests are focused on the uninsured, managed care, market competition, and employer and employee benefit choice. She has published numerous articles including research on the working uninsured. Professor McLaughlin received her Ph.D. in economics from the University of Wisconsin. Dr. McLaughlin was appointed to the IOM in 2006.

James J. Mongan, M.D.

President and CEO

Partners HealthCare System

James Mongan, M.D., is President and Chief Executive Officer of Partners HealthCare System. He is also professor of health care policy and professor of social medicine at Harvard Medical School and chairs the Commonwealth Fund Commission on a High Performance Health System. From 1996-2002, Dr. Mongan served as president of Massachusetts General Hospital. Earlier in his career, Dr. Mongan was the executive director of the Truman Medical Center in Kansas City and dean of the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine. He was also staff to the Senate Committee on Finance, a Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health in DHHS, and an associate director of the Carter White House domestic policy staff. Dr. Mongan is an IOM member and has served on numerous boards of trustees including the American Hospital Association and the Kaiser Family Foundation. Dr. Mongan earned his medical degree from Stanford University Medical School. He was a member of the IOM Committee on the Consequences of Uninsurance and has served on the IOM Council, the Governing Board of the NRC, and other IOM committees.

Robert D. Reischauer, PhD

President

The Urban Institute

Robert D. Reischauer, Ph.D., is the President of The Urban Institute. Previously, he was a senior fellow with the Brookings Institution, and from 1989 to 1995 he was the director of the Congressional Budget Office. He is Vice Chair of the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. He also currently serves on the boards of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, AcademyHealth, the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget and Harvard University (the Corporation). Dr. Reischauer is a member of the IOM and the National Academy of Public Administration and is a founding member  of the National Academy of Social Insurance.  Dr. Reischauer received his A.B. degree from Harvard College and his M.I.A. and Ph.D. from Columbia University.

William J. Scanlon, PhD

Senior Policy Advisor

Health Policy R&D

William Scanlon, Ph.D., is a senior policy advisor with Health Policy R&D. He is a consultant to the National Health Policy Forum and is  an affiliated faculty member with the Institute for Policy Studies, The Johns Hopkins University. He was the Managing Director of Health Care Issues at the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) (now the U.S. Government Accountability Office) until 2004. At GAO, he oversaw congressionally requested studies of Medicare, Medicaid, the private insurance market and health delivery systems, public health and the military and veterans’ health care systems. Prior to joining GAO in 1993, he was the Co-Director of the Center for Health Policy Studies and an Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at Georgetown University. Also, Dr. Scanlon was a Principal Research Associate in Health Policy at the Urban Institute. Currently, Dr. Scanlon is a member of the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission and the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics. Dr. Scanlon has published extensively and has served as a frequent consultant to federal agencies, state Medicaid programs and private foundations. He earned his doctoral degree in economics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Antonia Villarruel, Ph.D., FAAN

Professor and Nola J. Pender Collegiate Chair

Director, Center for Health Promotion

University of Michigan School of Nursing

Antonia Villarruel, Ph.D., is Professor and Director of the Center for Health Promotion at the University of Michigan School of Nursing. She was elected to the IOM in 2007. Dr. Villarruel has an extensive background in health promotion and health disparities research and practice. Her research focuses on the development and testing of behavioral interventions to reduce HIV sexual risk behaviors among Mexican and Latino youth. Villarruel's research integrates a community participatory approach. Villarruel is vice president and a founding member of the National Coalition of Ethnic Minority Nursing Associations and past president of the National Association of Hispanic Nurses. She was co-chair of the Diversity Working Group of the National Advisory Council for Nursing Education and Practice, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dr. Villarruel has received numerous honors and awards including recognition in the Michigan Nurses Hall of Fame. She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing.

Lawrence Wallack, Dr.Ph.

Dean, College of Urban and Public Affairs

Professor of Public Health

Portland State University

Lawrence Wallack, Dr.P.H., is the Dean of the College of Urban and Public Affairs at Portland State University and Emeritus Professor of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Dr Wallack was a founding senior fellow and first President of the Rockridge Institute, a California-based think tank. He is also a senior fellow at the Longview Institute. Dr. Wallack is the founding director of the Prevention Research Center, the first federally funded national alcohol research center with a primary emphasis on prevention. He is a founding director of the Berkeley Media Studies Group, an organization conducting research and training in the use of media to promote healthy public policies. Dr. Wallack is one of the primary architects of media advocacy — an innovative approach to working with mass media to advance social and public health issues. He has published extensively and lectures frequently on the news media and public health policy issues. Dr. Wallack has been honored with several awards including the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Innovators Award for lifetime achievement and innovation in the area of prevention. He earned his doctoral degree in health education from the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Wallack was a member of the IOM Committee on the Consequences of Uninsurance.