Nicholas A. Ashford, Ph.D., J.D., is Professor of Technology and Policy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he teaches courses in Environmental Law and Policy; Technology, Law and Public Policy; and Sustainability, Trade and Environment. He directs the MIT Technology and Law Program. Dr. Ashford is a Faculty Associate of both the Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development in the School of Engineering, and the Industrial Relations Section of the Sloan School of Management. He holds both a Ph.D. in Chemistry and a Law Degree from the University of Chicago, where he received graduate training in Economics. Dr. Ashford also holds adjunct faculty positions at the Harvard and Boston University Schools of Public Health. Dr. Ashford is the author of a major work for the Ford Foundation, Crisis in the Workplace: Occupational Disease and Injury, published by the MIT Press in 1976 and still in print. He has co-authored three additional books: Monitoring the Worker for Exposure and Disease (1990, John Hopkins University Press); Technology, Law and the Working Environment (second edition 1996, Island Press), and Chemical Exposures: Low Levels and High Stakes (second edition 1998, John Wiley Press). He was a public member and chairman of the National Advisory Committee on Occupational Safety & Health, has served on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science Advisory Board, and has served as chairman of the Committee on Technology Innovation & Economics of the EPA National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology. Dr. Ashford is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and serves as an advisor to the United Nations Environment Program. He is also policy and regulation editor of the Journal of Cleaner Production. He has recently been appointed to the US–Greek Joint Council for Technology Cooperation in the Balkans. Dr. Ashford’s research interests include regulatory law and economics; the design of government policies for encouraging both technological innovation, and improvements in health, safety and environmental quality; pollution prevention and cleaner/inherently safer production; the effects of liability in improving product and process safety; the consequences of low-level exposure to chemicals; sustainability, trade and environment; labor’s participation in technological change; and environmental justice. He has developed methodologies for decision-making in the regulation of chemicals and has extensively investigated the effects of regulation on technological innovation in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and automobile industries. Dr. Ashford’s research activities include work for the United Nations Environment Programme, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the European Union, as well as for U.S. regulatory agencies and the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment.

J. Christian Bollwage is the Mayor of Elizabeth, New Jersey. He holds a graduate degree in Public Administration from Kean College where he received honors. Currently, the Mayor is an adjunct professor in the Public Administration Department at Kean University in Union, New Jersey, where he teaches undergraduate courses in Public Administration. A native of the city, Mr. Bollwage was elected to his first term in 1992 and was reelected in November 1996. Before becoming Mayor, Mr. Bollwage was a Councilman for 10 years, serving as Council President in 1989. He was also a member of the Elizabeth Planning Board for four years. Prior to holding elected office, the Mayor served as sales, marketing and public relations representative for A&J Trading Corporation of Linden and traffic Coordinator for Kerr Steamship Incorporated in New York City. Mayor Bollwage has created a more efficient city government while sparking $500 million in economic redevelopment, which will see the city into the 21st century. He has been active in attracting new business to the city and overseeing the redevelopment of the historic Midtown section of Elizabeth. The City’s ongoing economic redevelopment plans have already brought The Elizabeth Center and the site of the Jersey Gardens Megamall which is being constructed on the site of a former municipal landfill, will bring 5,000 new jobs and more than $6.5 million in new ratables to the city. The Mayor’s role in redeveloping this brownfield site earned him the American project earned him the American Plan Association’s Distinguished Leadership Award for Elected Officials. Mayor Bollwage was appointed to co-chair the U.S. Conference of Mayors Brownfields Taskforce last year and has worked with other cities to encourage the development of these types of properties across the nation. His Brownfield’s initiatives earned him the "Brownfield News Award for Excellence in Brownfields Redevelopment" from Brownfield Magazine. The Mayor’s hard work in lobbying Washington D.C. legislators has also paid off as the City received a $29 million Hope VI grant from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The HOPE VI grant is being used to revitalize the Elizabeth port neighborhood by removing housing projects, erecting new townhouses in their place, and empowering the residents of public housing through job training and counseling that promotes self-sufficiency and economic independence. The Mayor instituted the C.A.R.E. (Clean Streets, Attract Visitors, Renew Neighborhoods and Energize Elizabeth) Taskforce in 1997 to deal with quality of life issues such as graffiti, and illegal dumping. The CARE Taskforce encourages residents to volunteer, and has already removed more than 50 tons of garbage from city streets and parks and painted over graffiti at more than 200 sites. Mayor Bollwage has been active in the United States Conference of Mayors and currently serves on its National Advisory Committee. He has previously served on the Legislative Committee and currently serves as chairman of the Highway Safety Subcommittee where he was a leader on the debate to renew ISTEA (Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act). He has also been appointed to serve on the Executive Board of the New Jersey State League of Municipalities.

Joseph D. Brain, S.D., S.M., is the Cecil K. and Philip Drinker Professor of Environmental Physiology and Chairs the Department of Environmental Health at Harvard School of Public Health. He has authored or co-authored over thirty articles. In addition, Dr. Brain has serviced on such editorial boards as the American Journal of Physiology, American Review of Respiratory Disease, Archives of Environmental Health, Environmental Health Perspectives, and the Journal of Applied Physiology. Over the past thirty years Dr. Brain has served on six Federally sponsored committees including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Health Effects Review Panel and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health’s Board of Scientific Counselors.

Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D., is the Ware Professor of Sociology and Director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University. He is the author of nine books that address environmental justice, civil rights, housing, urban land use, facility permitting, toxic waste, community reinvestment, and transportation. His most recent book, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class and Environmental Quality (Westview Press, 2000), is a standard text in the environmental justice field. A few of his other books include In Search of the New South (University of Alabama Press, 1991), Confronting Environmental Racism: Voices from the Grassroots (South End Press, 1993), People of Color Environmental Groups Directory 2000 (Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Spring, 2000), and Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (Sierra Club Books, 1996). He co-edited with Charles Lee (Commission for Racial Justice) and J. Eugene Grigsby (UCLA) Residential Apartheid: The American Legacy (UCLA Center for African American Studies Publications, 1994). He also co-edited with Glenn S. Johnson Just Transportation: Dismantling Race and Class Barriers to Mobility (New Society Publishers, 1997). His most recent book, co-edited with Glenn S. Johnson and Angel O. Torres, is entitled Sprawl City: Race, Politics and Planning in Atlanta (Island Press, Spring, 2000).

Mark Cullen, M.D., (Roundtable Co-Chair), is Director of the Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM) Program and Professor of Medicine and Public Health at the Yale University School of Medicine. His research interests generally include the application of biomarkers in epidemiologic studies. He earned his M.D. at Yale University School of Medicine. Past experiences include serving as a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Consultant to US-South Africa Bi-national Commission, in addition to being named to the Board of Scientific Counselors at NIOSH, and serving as a member of the Department of Energy Evaluation Panel for Epidemiologic Research Activities. Co-author of a major clinical text in OEM, his background is in the clinical aspects of occupational and environmental diseases. Dr. Cullen is an Academic Awardee in OEM and is a consultant to several major unions, corporations and governmental agencies. He is currently a member of the Board on Health Sciences Policy and has served on prior IOM committees.

William H. Dietz, M.D., Ph.D., is the Director of the Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity in the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prior to his appointment to the CDC, he was a Professor of Pediatrics at the Tufts University School of Medicine, and Director of Clinical Nutrition at the Floating Hospital of New England Medical Center Hospitals. He received his BA from Wesleyan University in 1966 and his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1970. Following an internship at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, he spent 3 years in the Middle America Research Unit of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease in Panama studying insect-borne viruses. After the completion of his residency at Upstate Medical Center, he received a Ph.D. in Nutritional Biochemistry from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In addition to his academic responsibilities in Boston, Dr. Dietz was a principal research scientist at the MIT/Harvard Division of Health Science and Technology, Associate Director of the Clinical Research Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Director of the Boston Obesity/Nutrition Research Center funded by NIDDK. He has been a councilor of the American Society for Clinical Nutrition, and past president of the North American Association for the Study of Obesity. In 1995 he received the John Stalker Award from the American School Food Service Association for his efforts to improve the school lunch. Dr. Dietz served on the 1995 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. He was a member of the NIDDK Task Force on Obesity. In 1998, Dr. Dietz was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. In 2000, he received the William G. Anderson Award from the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. He is the author of over 100 publications in the scientific literature, and the editor of two books, including A Guide to Your Child’s.

Jeffrey L. Feerer, Ph.D., is the Environmental, Health, and Safety Manager and Responsible Care Leader for Dow’s Michigan Operations. He has been at this position since December, 1996. In 1997 he assumed additional responsibility for Security and Emergency Services for Dow’s facilities in Midland, Michigan. Dr. Feerer joined Dow in 1992 in Michigan Operations Environmental Services after a 20 year career in academia and consulting in environmental technology, pollution prevention, and regulatory issues. He has provided environmental consulting to industrial clients in California, Nevada, Wyoming, Colorado, Michigan, and Massachusetts. Before coming to Dow, he taught chemical engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was the Associate Director of the MIT Practice School. Dr. Feerer holds a bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from San Diego State University, a master’s degree in Natural Resource Management from Humboldt State University, and a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Colorado. He is a registered professional engineer in Michigan.

Howard Frumkin, M.D., Ph.D., Dr. P.H., (Roundtable Member), is Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health at Emory University’s Rollins School of Public Health. He received his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania and his Public Health degrees from Harvard. His interests include clinical, environmental and occupational medicine, epidemiology, and policy issues in environmental and occupational health. His background includes serving as Director of Emory’s Occupational Medicine residency, President of the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics, Chair of the Science Board of the American Public Health Association, and co-Chair of the Environment Committee of Physicians for Social Responsibility. He is currently an NIEHS Environmental/Occupational Medicine Academic Awardee, and is Principal Investigator of a cohort study of mercury toxicity. He previously served on the IOM Committee to Reduce Lead Exposure in the Americas.

Mindy T. Fullilove, M.D., is a professor of clinical psychiatry and public health at Columbia University and a research psychiatrist at New York State Psychiatric Institute. She has studied the health problems of inner city communities, with a major focus on the problems of degraded habitat. A specific focus of her work has been the development of a "psychology of place," the emotional and cognitive connections between the individual and the near environment. She is currently working on an assessment of the effects of urban renewal on racial disparities in health. She has written over 100 articles, essays and chapters and two books. Her most recent book, The House of Joshua: Meditations on Family and Place, was published in 1999 by the University of Nebraska Press.

Lynn R. Goldman, M.D., M.P.H., (Workshop Chair and Roundtable Member), is currently a Visiting Scholar at Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health where she is Principal Investigator on Children’s Health for the Pew Environmental Health Commission. Dr. Goldman was formerly Assistant Administrator for Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). She received an M.D. from the University of California, San Francisco. She is a pediatrician and epidemiologist and has served in several positions at the California Department of Health Services. Her particular interests are ensuring protection of children, as well as a commitment to pollution prevention, reducing risks to health and the environment, and furthering the public’s right to know. Dr. Goldman has chaired and served on several previous NRC and IOM committees.

Bernard D. Goldstein, M.D., (Roundtable Member), is the Director of the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, a joint program of Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. He has been chair of the Department of Environmental and Community Medicine, UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School since 1980. He is also Principal Investigator of the Consortium of Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP). Dr. Goldstein was Assistant Administrator for Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983-1985. His past activities include Member and Chairman of the NIH Toxicology Study Section and EPA's Clear Air Scientific Advisory Committee; Chair of the Institute of Medicine Committee on the Role of the Physician in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, the National Research Council Committees on Biomarkers in Environmental Health Research and Risk Assessment Methodology and the Industry Panel of the World Health Organization Commission on Health and Environment. He is a member of the Institute of Medicine where he has chaired the Section on Public, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology.

David J. Hayes, J.D., is the Deputy Secretary of the United States Department of the Interior. As the Deputy Secretary, Mr. Hayes is the second highest-ranking official at the Department behind Secretary Bruce Babbitt. He has authority over all of the Department’s bureaus and offices, including the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Minerals Management Service. The Department has a total of approximately 70,000 employees, and an annual budget of approximately $8 billion dollars. Mr. Hayes has been serving as the Deputy Secretary since April 1999. He has played a lead role in many of the Department’s most difficult and important matters, including, the acquisition of the Headwaters old-growth redwood forest in Northern California, the allocation of Colorado River water supplies, Pacific salmon restoration, the Bay-Delta ecosystem restoration project in central California, the acquisition and protection of important wildlife habitat and open space throughout the country, and the resolution of Indian land and water claims. Mr. Hayes entered the Administration in March 1997. He served as Counselor to Secretary Babbitt before President Clinton nominated him to serve as the Deputy Secretary. Prior to entering public service, Mr. Hayes practiced law for nearly twenty years in the environmental and natural resources field. Immediately prior to his federal service, he was a partner in the Washington, D.C. office of the national law firm of Latham & Watkins where he chaired the office’s Environmental Department. Mr. Hayes is a former Chairman of the Board of the Environmental Law Institute, a non-profit research and publication center for environmental law and management professionals. Mr. Hayes received an A.B. from the University of Notre Dame in 1975, summa cum laude, and a J.D. from Stanford Law School in 1978. He clerked for Judge William Jones and Judge Louis Oberdorfer on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.

Richard J. Jackson, M.D., M.P.H., (Roundtable Member), is Director of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Center for Environmental Health. Dr. Jackson trained in medicine and pediatrics at the University of California, San Francisco, in epidemiology at the University of California, Berkeley, and has held leadership public health positions in California in both infectious disease and environmental health. He has led CDC initiatives related to biomonitoring, asthma, and the public health aspects of the genetics revolution. His primary policy and scientific interests are in the public health effects of pesticides and other toxic substances, particularly as they affect children. He has previously served on two Academy committees.

Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ph.D., a tropical biologist and conservation biologist, has been the Chief Biodiversity Officer and the Lead Specialist for the Environment for the Latin American region of the World Bank since 1998. He received his B.S. and Ph.D. in biology from Yale University. After completing his education, Dr. Lovejoy directed the program of World Wildlife Fund–US and also served as the Fund’s Executive Vice President. In 1987 he was appointed Assistant Secretary for Environmental and External Affairs for the Smithsonian Institution and in 1994, he became Counselor to the Secretary for Biodiversity and Environmental Affairs for the Smithsonian Institution. In 1988 he served briefly on the White House Science Council and in 1993 he was chosen by the U.S. Secretary of Interior to be the Science Advisor. Dr. Lovejoy served as scientific adviser to the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme from 1994 to 1997 and from 1989 to 1992, he served on the President’s Council of Advisors in Science and Technology. From 1992 to 1998, he was Co-Chair for the Committee on Environment and Natural Resources under the Executive Office of the President’s National Science and Technology Council. Dr. Lovejoy is generally credited with having brought the tropical forest problem to the fore as a public issue. He was the first person to use the term biological diversity in 1980 and made the first projection of global extinction rates in the Global 2000 Report to the President that same year. Dr. Lovejoy developed the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems project, a joint research project of the Smithsonian Institution and Brazil’s National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA–Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia). The project, essentially a giant experiment designed to define the minimum size for national parks and biological reserves as well as management strategies for small areas, earned him awards from the Brazilian government. In 1988, he became the first environmentalist to receive the Order of Rio Branco and in 1998, Brazil awarded him the Grand Cross of the Order of Scientific Merit. Dr. Lovejoy is the founder of the public television series Nature, and for many years served as principal advisor to the series. He is past president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences and the Society for Conservation Biology, as well as past chairman of the United States Man and Biosphere Program, He is the author of numerous articles and is author or editor of five books including Key Environments: Amazonia with G.T. Prance and Global Warming and Biological Diversity (Yale University Press) with R.L. Peters. In addition, he serves on numerous scientific and conservation boards and advisory groups including: the New York Botanical Garden, Global Environment Facility, Committee for the National Institute for the Environment, Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, Wildlife Preservation Trust, Resources for the Future, and the World Resources Institute. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Linnaean Society of London, and the American Ornithologists’ Union.

Amory Lovins, is cofounder and co-CEO of Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), a 17-year-old, 48-person, independent, entrepreneurial, non-profit resource policy center in Old Snowmass, Colorado. RMI fosters the efficient and restorative use of natural and human capital as a path to global security. Mr. Lovins also chairs RMI’s fourth for-profit spinoff, Hypercar, Inc., and cofounded its third, E source, which was sold to the Financial Times group in 1999. Mr. Lovins is a consultant physicist educated at Harvard and Ox-ford Universities. He has received an Oxford MA (by virtue of being a don), six honorary doctorates, a MacArthur Fellowship, the Heinz, Lindbergh, and World Technology Awards, and the Nissan, Mitchell, "Alternative Nobel," and Onassis Prizes. He has held visiting academic chairs, briefed eleven heads of state, published 27 books and several hun-dred pa-pers, and consulted for scores of in-dus--tries and govern-ments worldwide. The Wall Street Journal’s Centen-ni-al Issue named him among 39 people in the world most likely to change the course of business in the 1990s, and Car magazine, the 22nd most powerful person in the global automotive industry. His work focuses on transforming the car, real-estate, electricity, water, semiconductor, and several manufacturing sectors toward advanced resource productivity. His latest book is Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution (with Paul Hawken and L. Hunter Lovins, 1999). His next book, due in summer 2000, will be Small Is Profitable: The Hidden Economic Benefits of Making Electrical Resources the Right Size.

William A. McDonough, FAIA, is an internationally renowned environmentally friendly designer and one of the primary proponents of what he and his partners call "The Next Industrial Revolution". Mr. McDonough is cofounder and principal of McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry, a product and systems development firm assisting client companies implementing unique sustaining design protocols. He is one of the founders of William McDonough & Partners, Architects and Planners, who specialize in developing ecologically, socially, and economically intelligent architecture and planning for companies such as Gap Inc., Nike, Ford Motor Company, and Herman Miller. In addition, he is a Professor of Architecture at the University of Virginia, and was recently appointed Professor of Business Administration and holder of the Alumni Research Professorship at the Darden Graduate School of Business at UVA. In 1991 he was commissioned to write the Hanover Principles: Design for Sustainability as guidelines for the City of Hanover’s EXPO 2000 and in 1993 he was commissioned to give the Centennial Sermon at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City. As one of the leading experts in sustainable development, Mr. McDonough lectures around the world on his unique design philosophy, providing a global forum for the "Next Industrial Revolution".

Terrence J. McManus, P.E., DEE, is member of Intel’s Corporate Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Department and is responsible for EHS Signature Projects. He recently returned from a two-year assignment as the EHS Manager for Intel’s operations in China, Costa Rica, Malaysia and the Philippines which include 6 manufacturing sites and 15,000 employees. Prior to this assignment, he was Intel’s Corporate Environmental Affairs Manager for fourteen years. Intel is a worldwide $30+ billion corporation, which manufactures semiconductors and board level products and provides Internet solutions. Prior to joining Intel, Mr. McManus was an environmental consultant for ten years. He has an undergraduate degree in Civil Engineering from Union College and a graduate degree in Environmental Engineering from Cornell University. He is a registered Civil Engineer in six states. He is a Diplomate in the American Academy of Environmental Engineers (DEE). He is the past chair of the American Electronic Association’s Environmental and Occupational Health Committee, past chair of the American Society of Civil Engineer’s Environmental Engineering Division, and past President of the American Institute for Pollution Prevention. Mr. McManus is listed in "Who’s Who in Engineering".

David W. Orr, Ph.D., is a Professor and Chair of the Environmental Studies Program at Oberlin College. He has written over 90 articles and two books entitled Earth in Mind (1994) and Ecological Literacy (1992). Additional Dr. Orr has co-edited two books The Campus and Environmental Responsibility (1992) with David Eagan and The Global Predicament (1979) with Marvin Soroos. In addition Dr. Orr is the Education Editor for Conservation Biology and a member of the editorial advisory board of Orion Nature Quarterly. He is a Trustee of the Educational Foundation of America, The Annenberg Rural Challenge, and the JED Fund.

Rafe Pomerance, is currently Chairman of Sky Trust, a project devoted to using market mechanisms to control carbon dioxide emissions from the United States. From 1993–1999 he was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Environment and Development. In that position, he was responsible for development, coordination, and execution of US policy on a number of international environmental issues. From 1985–1993 Mr. Pomerance was a senior associate at the World Resource Institute (WRI) focusing on climate change and ozone depletion. Prior to joining WRI he spent nine years at Friends of the Earth including four years as President. He has been a founder and board member of a number of environmental organizations.

Lawrence W. Reiter, Ph.D., received a Ph.D. from the University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Pharmacology in 1970, and a B.S. in Chemistry from Rockhurst College in Kansas City, MO, in 1965. After a three-year postdoctoral fellowship in the Environmental Toxicology Department at the University of California Davis, Dr. Reiter joined the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERL) in 1973. From 1978 through 1988 he served as the Director of the Neurotoxicology Division of HERL and from 1988–1995 he was Director of HERL. In 1995, Dr. Reiter was named to his current position as Director of National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL). His research interests include environmental health sciences. Dr. Reiter is the recipient of a number of awards such as the Presidential Distinguished Executive Award for scientific leadership in EPA. He has served on the editorial boards for a number of toxicology journals and has held adjunct appointments in toxicology at several universities such as the University of North Carolina School of Medicine. Dr. Reiter has also served on numerous advisory panels, both within EPA as well as in the scientific community such as the National Academy of Sciences, and has held elected positions in national scientific organizations.

The Honorable Paul Grant Rogers, J.D., (Roundtable Chair), is a Partner at the law firm of Hogan and Hartson. He is serving as Chair of this roundtable with an extensive background in health policy and environmental health law. His areas of practice include antitrust, corporation, environmental, administrative and regulatory law, with special emphasis in health law. Known as "Mr. Health," Mr. Rogers also served twenty-four years in the U.S. House of Representatives. Eight of those years he served as Chair of the House Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, and was responsible for key legislation that led to the Clean Air Act, the National Cancer Act of 1971 and 1977, and the Safe Drinking Water Act, as well as other prominent health injunctions. Mr. Rogers has received honorary degrees from various universities and was awarded the Public Welfare Medal by the NAS in 1982, the "Year 2000" award from the National Cancer Institute in 1987, the 1991 Health Policy Award from the National Lawyers Association, the 1994 Distinguished Leadership Award from the University of Florida Health Sciences Center, and the 1997 American Cancer Society Distinguished Service Award. Currently, he serves as Chair for the following organizations: Research!America, the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Board of Trustees, and is Co-Chair of the National Leadership Coalition on Health Care. Mr. Rogers is also on the Board of Directors of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, the American Cancer Society, and the Foundation for Biomedical Research. He is a member of the Harvard School of Public Health Dean’s Council, the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, the Council of the Washington University School of Medicine, the University of Virginia Health Science Council, and the University of Chicago Council for the Division of Biological Sciences. Mr. Rogers is also a member of the Roundtable on Research and Development of Drugs, Biologics, and Medical Devices, and has served on several other IOM committees. Mr. Rogers is a member of the Institute of Medicine.

Richard E. Rominger, was nominated for the post of Deputy Secretary of Agriculture by President Clinton, and sworn in on May 12, 1993. Mr. Rominger received a Bachelor of Science Degree in plant science summa cum laude from the University of California at Davis and is a member of the agricultural honorary society of Alpha Zeta. As Deputy Secretary, Mr. Rominger assists the Secretary in supervising the activities of the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). USDA’s mission includes management of traditional farm programs, conservation programs, domestic food assistance, research and education, agricultural marketing, international trade, meat and poultry inspection, forestry and rural development. Mr. Rominger has also had responsibility for USDA’s budget, reorganization and downsizing. Mr. Rominger is a California farmer who headed the California Department of Food and Agriculture from 1977 to 1982. During that period, he served as president of the Western Association of State Departments of Agriculture and the Western U. S. Agricultural Trade Association. He also was on the board of directors for the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture. He served on the board of the American Farmland Trust from 1986 to 1993 and has been active in a number of professional agricultural organizations concerned with soil and water policy, education, research and development and marketing. He was selected Agriculturist of the Year at the California State Fair in 1992, and throughout his career has received numerous other awards including the Distinguished Service Award by the California Farm Bureau Federation in 1991.

Kenneth I. Shine, M.D., is President of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, and Professor of Medicine Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine. He is UCLA School of Medicine’s immediate past Dean and Provost for Medical Sciences. Currently he is Clinical Professor of Medicine at the Georgetown University School of Medicine. A cardiologist and physiologist, Dr. Shine received his A.B. from Harvard College in 1957 and his M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1961. Most of his advanced training was at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), where he became Chief Resident in Medicine in 1968. Following his postgraduate training at MGH, he held an appointment as Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. He moved in 1971 to the UCLA School of Medicine and became Director of the Coronary Care Unit, Chief of the Cardiology Division, and subsequently, Chair of the Department of Medicine. As Dean at UCLA, Dr. Shine stimulated major initiatives in ambulatory education, community service for medical students and faculty, mathematics and science education in the public schools, and the construction of new research facilities funded entirely by the private sector. Dr. Shine is a member of many honorific and academic societies, including Phi Beta Kappa and Alpha Omega Alpha; Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American College of Cardiology; Master of the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine; and was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 1988. He served as Chairman of the Council of Deans of the Association of American Medical Colleges from 1991–1992, and was President of the American Heart Association from 1985–1986. Dr. Shine’s research interests include metabolic events in the heart muscle, the relation of behavior to heart disease, and emergency medicine. He participated in efforts to prove the value of cardiopulmonary resuscitation following a heart attack, and in establishing the 911 emergency telephone number in the multijurisdictional Los Angeles area. Dr. Shine is the author of numerous articles and scientific papers in the area of heart physiology and clinical research.

Samuel H. Wilson, M.D., (Roundtable Member), is the Deputy Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Deputy Director of the National Toxicology Program. He has an M.D. from Harvard Medical School. Prior to taking his current position, Dr. Wilson served as Director of the Centennial Center for Environmental Toxicology and Director of the Sealy Center for Molecular Science at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. His interests include environmental toxicology, particularly cellular biology and the effects of the environment on DNA.

Timothy E. Wirth, Ph.D., is President of the United Nations (UN) Foundation. R. E. "Ted" Turner, through a major financial commitment to support United Nations causes, founded this new institution in early 1998. As President of the UN Foundation and its related institutions, Dr. Wirth is responsible for leading the Foundation’s central mission in support of: UN causes, with special focus on population stabilization, women’s empowerment and the education of girls; protection against environmental destruction and climate change; and advancement of children’s health; Strengthening UN institutions, including support of the Secretary General’s reform efforts and initiatives to improve UN capability related to human rights, the environment, land mine removal and other major priorities; Public Education, including demonstrating the importance and capacities of the UN around the world, and translating these to the American public. He is also responsible for raising new and additional resources, including efforts to broaden private engagement with and support for the United Nations and UN causes, from within the United States and around the world. Dr. Wirth is a graduate of Harvard College and holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University. Dr. Wirth served as a White House Fellow under President Lyndon Johnson, and as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Education in the Nixon Administration. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1987, representing Colorado’s 2nd Congressional District, and in the United States Senate from 1987 until 1993, when he chose not to run for re-election. Prior to running for Congress, Dr. Wirth was in private business in Colorado. From 1993 through 1997, Dr. Wirth was Undersecretary of State for Global Affairs, responsible for a variety of global programs, including population, refugees, environment, science, human rights, narcotics and crime. Dr. Wirth is the recipient of a number of honorary degrees and serves as a member of the Harvard Board of Overseers.