The committee reviewed the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of strategies to prevent HIV transmission occurring through the use of contaminated injecting equipment by injecting drug users. The efficacy, safety, and risks of programs aimed at reducing HIV transmission were reviewed in order to assess the options for HIV prevention and treatment in countries where drug use is the primary driver of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Programs under consideration included needle/syringe exchange programs, disinfection programs, drug substitution, counseling and education, and drug treatment programs. The review included evidence from around the world and particularly sought out evidence from affected regions such as Eastern Europe, the Russian Federation, the Newly Independent States, Central Asia and South East Asia.