The Institute of Medicine formed a committee to evaluate and consider the current understanding of sex differences and determinants at the biological level and to identify current and potential barriers to the conduct of research in this area.The committee ’s report,Ex-Differences in the ploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health:Does Sex Matter?con-prevalence and se-tains findings and recommendations to facilitate scientific endeavors in this area, verity of a broad take advantage of new opportunities in basic and applied research,and fill identi- range of diseases,fied research gaps.