Summary excerpt from the Statement of Children's Oncology Group: The Children’s Oncology Group (COG) appreciates the opportunity to submit a written statement and to present to the Institute of Medicine’s Committee on Clinical Research Involving Children. COG is the largest pediatric cancer clinical research organization in the world and is comprised of over 230 pediatric cancer programs throughout North America, Australia, New Zealand, and with a single site in the Netherlands. Its multidisciplinary membership numbers more than 4,000. It is poised to translate basic biology into clinical investigation and to develop translational approaches through human proof of principle, toxicity assessment, identification of efficacy, incorporation into established treatment approaches to improve outcome and/or decrease toxicity of therapy in children with cancer.